1. The following are true about cerebrospinal fluid:
* a) It is found in the space between the pia mater and the arachnoid
* b) The normal amount in human being is about 500 ml
* c) With the body lying in lateral horizontal position, the normal intracranial pressure is about 100 ml of water
* d) Only, the lateral ventricle contains choroidal plexus, which secrete cerebrospinal fluid
* e) Cerebrospinal fluid contains the same concentration of glucose as the blood
Answer a. T b. F .T d. F e. F
2. True statement about the facial nerve includes:
* a) Its nucleus is in the floor of the fourth ventricle
* b) Its fibres reach the surface of the brain in the cerebellopontine angle
* c) Transmits taste fibres for the anterior half of the tongue
* d) Gives the deep petrosal nerve as branch to the sphenopalatine ganglion
* e) Has a sensory component that supplies the outer ear
Answer a. T b. T c. T d. F e. T
* a) Forms the floor of the recess of the third ventricle
* b) is inferior to the medial root of the olfactory tract
* c) Has the internal carotid artery as its immediate lateral relation
* d) Has the mamillary bodies lying immediately posterior to it
* e) Is in close relation to the oculomotor nerve inferiorly
Answer a. T b. T c. T d. F e. F
4. The cells of the retinal pigment epithelium:
* a) Are of mesenchymal origin
* b) Are shorter at the fovea than else where in the retina
* c) Have intracellular melanosomes
* d) Regenerate visual pigment
* e) Form the inner outer blood-retina barrier
Answer a. F b. F c. T d. T e. F
5. With regard to the lacrimal drainage system:
* a) The upper lacrimal punctum is lateral to the lower punctum
* b) The lacrimal canaliculi are lined by stratified squamous epithelium
* c) nasolacrimal duct is narrowest at the lowest end
* d) nasolacrimal duct runs downwards, lateral and forwards to the anterior part of inferior meatus
* e) Congenital blockage is due mainly to delay development of common canaliculus
Answer a. T b. T c. F d. F e. F
6. The following are true about lacrimal gland:
* a) The palpebral part drains into the superior conjunctival fornix through 12 ducts
* b) The palpebral part of the gland is 1/3 the size of the orbital part
* c) Excision of palpebral but no the orbital part abolish the tear secretion by the gland
* d) It receives secretomotor nerve from the third cranial nerve
* e) The lymphatic drainage is to parotid gland
Answer a. T b. T c. F d. F e. T
* a) Is closer to the orbital floor than the roof
* b) Is closer to the lateral wall of the orbital cavity than to medial wall
* c) Has a vertical diameter less than the anteroposterior diameter
* d) Has an anterior segment which form 1/4 of the circumference
* e) is least protected laterally
Answer a. F b. T c. T d. F e. T
* a) Is firmly attached to the pars plana
* b) Has a high concentration of hyaluronic acid
* c) Is a hydrogel with a water content of 80%
* d) Contains calcium in asteroid hyalosis
* e) Contains collagen which is mainly type II
Answer a. T b. T c. F d. T e. T
* a) is thicker centrally than peripherally
* b) Contains 10,000 endothelium cells per square mm at birth
* c) Has an acellular collagenous stroma
* d) Contain Descemet's membrane is produced by the endothelium
* e) Has a refractive index of 1.38
Answer a. F b. F c. F d. T e. T
10. The nasociliary nerve supplies:
* a) The sphenoidal sinus
* b) ethmoidal sinus
* c) Cornea
* d) lacrimal sac
* e) Dilator pupillae
Answer a. T b. T c. T d. T e. T
* a) Is found between the optic nerve and the medial rectus
* b) Contains sympathetic nerve that supplies the sphincter pupillae
* c) Is a parasympathetic relay ganglion for fibers from the Edinger-Westphal Nucleus?
* d) Contains sensory nerve
* e) Has a motor nerve that goes to the inferior oblique
Answer a. F b. F c. T d. T e. F
12. The inferior rectus muscle:
* a) Is inserted 6.5 cm behind limbus
* b) Is innervated from its inferior surface
* c) Is attached to the lower lid
* d) Is the main depressor of the globe when the eye is adducted?
* e) lies inferior to the inferior oblique muscle
Answer a. T b. F c. T d. F e. T
* a) The tarsal plate is a continuation of the orbital septum
* b) The meibomian glands secrete much in rich secretion
* c) The orifices of the meibomian glands are anterior to the root of eyelashes
* d) The lower lid is supplied by the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve exclusively
* e) There are more meibomian glands in the upper than lower lids
Answer a. T b. F c. F d .F e. T
* a) Contains a fascial sheath which is innervated by second cervical nerve
* b) Receives post-ganglionic parasympathetic nerve from the otic ganglion
* c) Contains a duct which opens into the mouth opposite the upper canine tooth
* d) Is composed of serous acini which contribute to the saliva
* e) Is covered by the massenter
Answer a. T b. T c. F d. T e. F
* a) The lymph from the upper lid drains to the parotid and submandibular lymph nodes
* b) The facial nerve comes from the first pharyngeal arch
* c) Branches of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve supply the skin of the scalp as far backward as the vertex
* d) The veins of the scalp are connected to both the diploic veins and the intracranial venous sinuses
* e) A unilateral cleft lip is a failure of the maxillary process to fuse with the medial nasal process
Answer a. F b. F c. T d. T e. T
16. In the development of the eye:
* a) The orbit is completed by 10th week of gestation
* b) The orbit arises from fusion between the lateral nasal process and the maxilla
* c) The lower eyelids are formed by the maxillary process
* d) Upper lids arise from fronto-nasal process
* e) The nasolacrimal duct arises from the ectoderm of of nasolacrimal groove
Answer a. T b. T c. T d. T e. T
17. The following structures are of ectodermal origin:
* a) The retina and its retinal pigment epithelium
* b) Iris stroma
* c) The sclera
* d) The ciliary muscle
* e) The corneal stroma
Answer a. T b. F c. F d. F e. T
* a) Arises from the dorsal ophthalmic artery
* b) Communicates freely with the choroidal circulation throughout development
* c) Regresses after birth
* d) Bergmeister's papillae is a remnant
* e) forms part of the vascular propria lentis
Answer a. T b. F c. F d. T e. T
19. With respect to lens development:
* a) The lens first appears at 27 days of gestation
* b) It is formed from neural crest cells
* c) The lens first appears as vesicles with a single layer of epithelial cells
* d) Y suture is absent in the embryonic nucleus
* e) The adult lens is more spherical than the foetal
Answer a. T b. F c. T d. T e. F
20. The following structures arise from the first pharyngeal arch:
* a) Common carotid artery
* b) Mandible
* c) Facial nerve
* d) orbicularis oculi
* e) temporalis
Answer a. F b. T c. F d. F e. T
* a) Is secreted by beta-islet cell of pancreas
* b) Is a polypeptide hormone
* c) Has a positive cardiac inotropic effect
* d) Causes gluconeogenesis in the liver
* e) Causes glycogenolysis in the liver
Answer a. F b. T c. T d. T e. T
* a) is more rapid than pursuit movement
* b) is required for stereoscopic vision
* c) Is stimulated by blurred images on the retina
* d) Is an involuntary eye movement
* e) The extent of the movement is determined by the near point and far point of accommodation
Answer a. F b. T c. T d. F e. T
23. During accommodation for near:
* a) The spherical aberration of the eye increases
* b) The ciliary muscle relaxes
* c) The field of vision decreases
* d) The amount of light entering the eye increases
* e) The thickness of the lens increases
Answer a. F b. F c. T c. F e. T
* a) Only points on the horopter fall on the corresponding retinal point
* b) Points in front of the horopter will stimulate binasal retina
* c) Points outside the horopter is perceived doubly
* d) The Panum's fusional area is wider in the centre than the periphery
* e) Sensory fusion refers to the cortical integration of images perceived by the two eyes
Answer a. T b. F c. F d. F e. T
25. The following are true about entopic phenomenon:
* a) It can be produced by cells in the vitreous
* b) It can be produced by palpation of the eyeballs
* c) The size of one's pupil can be observed with a pinhole
* d) Asteroid hyalosis causes significant visual disturbance due to entopic phenomenon
* e) Haidinger's brushes are produced by the inner plexiform layers
Answer a. F b. T c. T d. F e. T
