1. What is the technique used to detect protein concentration?
To detect protein or other bio-molecules, mass spectrophotometry is used. It works on the principle of light absorption method. This instrument measures the amount of light of a specified wavelength. Moreover, the amount of light absorbed by the medium is directly proportional to the concentration of the bio-molecules or protein.
2. Do you know what are Chemokines?
Chemokines are one of the cytokines types, which are produced by many kinds of leucocytes and other cell types. It represents the group of family of molecules that does the function of recruiting leucocytes to the infection sites.
3. Tell me what is Psoriatic arthritis?
Psoriatic arthritis is a type of arthritis that is observed in the patient having psoriasis. Psoriasis is a condition that features red patches of skin topped with silvery scales. Joint pain, stiffness and swelling are the main symptoms of psoriatic arthritis.
4. Explain about IgG antibody?
IgG anti-body is the main anti-body in blood. It is the only anti-body that pass through the placenta, and it through placenta it is transferred to the mother's body and protects the new-born until a week after birth. It is widely distributed to the blood and tissue.
5. Tell me what determines the structure of protein?
The primary structure of polypeptide in protein determines the primary, secondary and tertiary structure of proteins.
6. Do you know what catalase enzyme is and what is the function of it?
Catalase enzyme are large specialized protein molecules, which prevents the formation of radicals which are reactive molecules and cause DNA mutation which cause cancer. The primary function of catalase enzyme is the rapid breakdown of hydrogen peroxide.
7. Do you know what are Cytokines?
Cytokines are special types of non-antibody that act as mediators between cells. Their role is believed to be in boosting immunity but recently it is discovered that other than immune cell they also have effects on non-immune cells.
8. Tell me what does CCBs (Calcium channel blocking agents) do? Give some example?
Calcium channel is blocking agents or drugs that blocks the calcium ions across the cell membranes by blocking the L-type channel. These drugs are prescribed to patients who are suffering from hypertension. They are classified into three groups.
☛ Benzodiazepines
☛ Phenylalkylamines
☛ Dihydropyridine
9. Tell me how to treat a patient who is drowned in water?
You can treat a patient with
• Continue resuscitation as required or intubate if unconscious
• Supply oxygen
• Treat hypothermia, hypoglycaemia, seizures, hypovolemia and hypotension
• Observe the patient for at least 6 hours if it is awake as pulmonary oedema may occur within four hours
• Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), intubation and mechanical ventilation with high positive end-expiratory pressure
• Dialysis of renal failure
• Prophylactic antibiotics if patient drown in contaminated water
• Nasogastric tube & Catheter if needed
• Hyperbaric oxygen, artificial surfactant and nitrous oxide
10. Tell me what are the primary functions of T-cells?
The primary functions of T-cells are
☛ Kill cells infected by virus or bacteria
☛ Naturally kills cancer cells
☛ Scans intracellular environment for foreign invaders
☛ Activate other immune cells or molecules
