1. What is the technique used to detect protein concentration?

To detect protein or other bio-molecules, mass spectrophotometry is used. It works on the principle of light absorption method. This instrument measures the amount of light of a specified wavelength. Moreover, the amount of light absorbed by the medium is directly proportional to the concentration of the bio-molecules or protein.

2. Do you know what are Chemokines?

Chemokines are one of the cytokines types, which are produced by many kinds of leucocytes and other cell types. It represents the group of family of molecules that does the function of recruiting leucocytes to the infection sites.

3. Tell me what is Psoriatic arthritis?

Psoriatic arthritis is a type of arthritis that is observed in the patient having psoriasis. Psoriasis is a condition that features red patches of skin topped with silvery scales. Joint pain, stiffness and swelling are the main symptoms of psoriatic arthritis.

4. Explain about IgG antibody?

IgG anti-body is the main anti-body in blood. It is the only anti-body that pass through the placenta, and it through placenta it is transferred to the mother's body and protects the new-born until a week after birth. It is widely distributed to the blood and tissue.

5. Tell me what determines the structure of protein?

The primary structure of polypeptide in protein determines the primary, secondary and tertiary structure of proteins.

6. Do you know what catalase enzyme is and what is the function of it?

Catalase enzyme are large specialized protein molecules, which prevents the formation of radicals which are reactive molecules and cause DNA mutation which cause cancer. The primary function of catalase enzyme is the rapid breakdown of hydrogen peroxide.

7. Do you know what are Cytokines?

Cytokines are special types of non-antibody that act as mediators between cells. Their role is believed to be in boosting immunity but recently it is discovered that other than immune cell they also have effects on non-immune cells.

8. Tell me what does CCBs (Calcium channel blocking agents) do? Give some example?

Calcium channel is blocking agents or drugs that blocks the calcium ions across the cell membranes by blocking the L-type channel. These drugs are prescribed to patients who are suffering from hypertension. They are classified into three groups.

☛ Benzodiazepines
☛ Phenylalkylamines
☛ Dihydropyridine

9. Tell me how to treat a patient who is drowned in water?

You can treat a patient with

• Continue resuscitation as required or intubate if unconscious
• Supply oxygen
• Treat hypothermia, hypoglycaemia, seizures, hypovolemia and hypotension
• Observe the patient for at least 6 hours if it is awake as pulmonary oedema may occur within four hours
• Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), intubation and mechanical ventilation with high positive end-expiratory pressure
• Dialysis of renal failure
• Prophylactic antibiotics if patient drown in contaminated water
• Nasogastric tube & Catheter if needed
• Hyperbaric oxygen, artificial surfactant and nitrous oxide

10. Tell me what are the primary functions of T-cells?

The primary functions of T-cells are

☛ Kill cells infected by virus or bacteria
☛ Naturally kills cancer cells
☛ Scans intracellular environment for foreign invaders
☛ Activate other immune cells or molecules

11. Do you know what are the treatments for blocked airways by lung tumor?

If tumour in the lung is blocking the airways, then following techniques can be used

• Internal Radiography
• Electric current therapy
• Laser therapy
• Photodynamic therapy
• Radio wave treatment
• Cryotherapy

12. Tell me what if you don't get into Medical School this year?

I will find out why I was not accepted, correcting this shortcoming and apply again.

13. Tell me how ECG (Electro Cardio Gram) nodes are represented?

ECG machine will show five waves PQRST

• P Wave: It represents the normal atrial depolarization ( contraction of atria)
• QRS Wave: It represents the depolarization of the right and left ventricles (Contraction of ventricles
• T Wave: It represents the re-polarization of the ventricles (Relaxation of ventricles)

16. Tell me what are the limitations of ECG?

• It reveals the heart rate and rhythm only during the time ECG is taken. If there is any intermittent cardiac rhythm, it is more likely to miss them
• Many times it observed that what appears abnormalities on ECG, sometimes have no medical significance
• ECG can often be normal or nearly normal in patients suffering from coronary artery disease

19. Tell me what are the common misconceptions about medical school and becoming a doctor?

Common misunderstandings about medical school and becoming a doctor is

☛ You need straight A's to get into medical school.
☛ Only science majors get acknowledged to medical school.
☛ Before applying to medical school, every pre-med requirement has to be completed
☛ The medical school will teach you only things that need to know to be a physician.
☛ Doctors work 80-hour work weeks
☛ Becoming a doctor takes forever

22. Tell me what is Interleukin 6?

Interleukin 6 is also a cytokine; macrophages and T cells secret it. It acts as a pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. It becomes activated when there in an information within body and outside body. Interleukins are referred as IL.

25. Explain me how hyperthyroidism can be treated?

Hyperthyroidism can be suppressed or treated in these ways:
• Radioiodine Treatment
• Anti-thyroid medication
• Surgery

26. Tell me what cause elephantiasis?

There are two ways elephantiasis can be infected
• Lymphatic Filariasis: It is caused by a worm known as wuchereria bancrofti parasite and is transmitted to human through mosquito bites
• Non-filarial elephantiasis: This type of elephantiasis is more seen in central African region, and this occurs due to the chemical present in the volcanic ashes.
In both types of infection, they attack lymph nodes, often caused by an obstruction of lymphatic vessels, resulting in swelling of skin and tissue.

27. Explain what do you mean by term Asphyxia?

Asphyxia is term used to refer a medical condition, where there is too little oxygen in the blood and more carbon dioxide. Such condition is usually seen in the baby during birth time.

28. Explain me what are the factors that may cause thyroid problems in an individual?

The factors that may cause thyroid problems in an individual are
• Toxic Adenomas
• Subacute thyroiditis
• Pituitary gland malfunctions or cancerous growths in the thyroid gland
• Hashimoto's disease ( body own immune system attacks thyroid tissue)
• Removal of the thyroid gland
• Exposure to excessive amounts of iodide
• Lithium drug

32. Tell me what is the role of Glucocorticoids drugs?

Prednisolone is one of the examples of Glucocorticoid drugs; they are one type of steroid. This drug is used for the treatment of many diseases like multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, inflammation etc. Normally, the human body makes glucocorticoids in form of cortisol, whose primary function is to stop information, but when there is excess need of cortisol to cure chronic inflammation, a synthetic glucocorticoid is provided.

33. Explain what are the common mistakes made by medical school applicant?

Common mistakes made by medical school applicant,

☛ Not knowing how many applications are required
☛ Applying too soon
☛ Allocating few days for MCAT won't be helpful
☛ Ignoring volunteer opportunities
☛ Ignoring post-baccalaureate program who did not score good grades
☛ Writing a lackluster personal statement
☛ Stumbling through interview
☛ Not spending time in research program

34. Tell me what are T-cells?

T-cells are the type of white blood cell that circulate into our bodies, which scans for infections and cellular abnormalities.

35. Do you know what is channel protein? Give an example where you will find channel protein?

Channel protein are like gates that opens and close depending on the concentration gradient across the cell membrane; it enables to transport protein and other larger bio-molecule which otherwise unable to transport through the membrane of the cell.

Potassium channel is one such example of membrane protein, which allows the K+ (potassium charges) and generates an electrical signal which facilitate the nerve impulse to propagate in the nervous system.