1. Explain SATA CD-ROM?

Short for SerialATA, SATA 1.0 was first released in August 2001 and is a replacement for the Parallel ATA interface used in IBM compatible computers. SerialATA is capable of delivering 1.5 Gbps (1500 MBps) of performance to each drive within a disk array. It has the benefit of being backwards-compatible with ATA and ATAPI devices, and offers a thin, small cable solution, as seen in the photo on the right. This cable helps make a much easier cable routing and offers better airflow in the computer when compared to the earlier ribbon cables used with ATA drives.
eSATA connectionSATA also supports external drives through External SATA more commonly known as eSATA. eSATA offers many more advantages when compared to other solutions. For example, it is hot-swappable, supports faster transfer speeds with no bottleneck issues like USB and FireWire, and supports disk drive technologies such as S.M.A.R.T..

2. Explain parallel interfaces?

SCSI is a standard for parallel interfaces that transfers information at a rate of eight bits per second and faster, which is faster than the average parallel interface. SCSI-2 and above supports up to seven peripheral devices, such as a hard drive, CD-ROM, and scanner, that can attach to a single SCSI port on a system's bus. SCSI ports were designed for Apple Macintosh and Unix computers, but also can be used with PCs. Although SCSI has been popular in the past, today many users are switching over to SATA drives.

3. Explain USB connector variations?

USB connectors come in many shapes and sizes as there are many different devices that utilize them. Every version of USB connector including standard, Mini, and Micro have two or more variations of connectors.

4. Explain USB?

Short for Universal Serial Bus, USB (pronounced yoo-es-bee) is a standard that was introduced in 1995 by Intel, Compaq, Microsoft and other computer companies. USB 1.x is an external bus standard that supports data transfer rates of 12 Mbps and is capable of supporting up to 127 peripheral devices. The picture shows an example of a USB cable being connected into the USB port.

5. Explain USB 2.0?

USB 2.0, also known as hi-speed USB, was developed by Compaq, Hewlett Packard, Intel, Lucent, Microsoft, NECand Philips and was introduced in 2001. Hi-speed USB is capable of supporting a transfer rate of up to 480 Mbps and is backwards compatible, meaning it is capable of supporting USB 1.0 and 1.1 devices and cables.

6. Explain USB 3.0?

USB 3.0 devices were first made available in November 2009 by Buffalo Technology, but the first certified devices weren't available until January 2010. The first certified devices included motherboards from ASUS and Gigabyte Technology. Dell began including USB 3.0 ports in their Inspiron and Dell XPS series of computers in April 2011. Today, many devices use the USB 3.0 revision for improved performance and speed, including USB thumb drives, digital cameras, external hard drives, MP3 players, and other devices.

7. Explain SCSI-3?

SCSI-3 was approved in 1996 as ANSI X3.270-1996.

8. Explain SCSI-2?

SCSI-2 was approved in 1990, added new features such as Fast and Wide SCSI, and support for additional devices.

9. Explain SCSI-1?

SCSI-1 is the original SCSI standard developed back in 1986 as ANSI X3.131-1986. SCSI-1 is capable of transferring up to eight bits a second.

10. Explain SCSI?

Short for Small Computer System Interface, SCSI is pronounced as "Scuzzy" and is one of the most commonly used interface for disk drives that was first completed in 1982. Unlike competing standards, SCSI is capable of supporting eight devices, or sixteen devices with Wide SCSI. However, with the SCSI host adapter located on ID number 07 and boots from the ID 00. This leaves the availability of six device connections. In the picture below, is an example of a SCSI adapter expansion card with an internal and external connection. Once installed in the computer this adapter would allow multiple SCSI devices to be installed in the computer. More advanced motherboard may also have available SCSI connections on the motherboard.

11. Explain disadvantages Of eSATA?

eSATA does have some disadvantages such as not distributing power through the cable like USB, which means drives require an external power source. The eSATA cable also supports a maximum length of up to 2m. Because of these disadvantages don't plan on eSATA becoming the only external solution for computers.

12. Explain PCMCIA?

Short for Personal Computer Memory Card International Association, PCMCIA is a trade association founded in 1989 that is responsible for the ongoing development of the PCMCIA standard. PCMCIA cards are hardware interfaces that are slightly bigger than a standard credit card that enable additional functionality for laptop computers and other portable devices.

13. Explain term PC Card?

The term PC Card is being used as a replacement to PCMCIA Card because of the ongoing changes in the technology and because it is much easier to remember. However, PC Card should not be confused with a PCI Card. This technology is becoming replaced by the new ExpressCard standard.

14. What are the uses of parallel port?

Today, the pPHowever, below is a listing of various hardware components that can be purchased and used with the parallel port.

Printer:
The most common use for the parallel port.

Scanner:
Another commonly used parallel device is a parallel port scanner. Parallel port scanners are a popular alternative to SCSI scanners because of how easy they are to install.

External Drives:
Another popular use of the parallel ports are external drives such as the Iomega Zip Drive, which can be removed from one computer and placed onto another.

15. Explain Pin 1 through 25 identified?

Pin1 - Data acknowledgement when the signal is low.
Pin 2 - 9 - Data transfer pins.
Pin 10 - Acknowledge that the data has finished processing and when the signal is high indicates ready for more.
Pin 11 - When the signal goes high indicate that the printer has accepted the data and is processing it. Once this signal goes low and Pin 10 goes high will accept additional data.
Pin 12 - Printer paper jam when signal is high or no signal if printer jam.
Pin 13 - When high signal printer is indicating that it is on-line and ready to print.
Pin 14 - When low signal PC has indicated that the printer inset a line feed after each line.
Pin 15 - Printer sends data to the computer telling it that an error has occurred.
Pin 16 - When low signal PC has requested that the printer initiate an internal reset.
Pin 17 - When low signal the PC has selected the printer and should in return prepare for data being sent.
Pin 18 - 25 - Ground.

16. Explain Parallel port modes?

The computer is capable of having the parallel port run at different modes depending on your needs and available resources. Some of these modes include: IEEE-1284 (Auto), Centronics mode, Nibble mode, Unidirectional (SPP), Bi-directional, EPP, and ECP.

17. Explain Identifying port?

Graphic of a parallel port you can notice the DB25 parallel port connection is easy to identify and is often the biggest connection on the back of the computer. The connection is in the shape of the letter D, is a female connector, and has 25 holes.

18. Explain Parallel port?

Less commonly referred to as the Centronics interface or Centronics connector after the company that originally designed it, the port was later developed by Epson. The parallel port is found on the back of IBM compatible computers and is a 25-pin (type DB-25) computer interface commonly used to connect printers to the computer. Below is an example of the DB25 interface found on the back of the computer.

19. Explain IDLE?

Alternatively referred to as IDLE, IDE is short for Integrated Development Environment, and are visual tools that allow programmers to develop programs more efficiently. Commonly, an IDE may have a compiler, debugger, text editor, and other integrated tools. Smalltalk was the first programming language to have a first true IDE.

20. Explain IDE?

Short for Integrated Drive Electronics or IBM Disc Electronics, IDE is more commonly known as ATA or Parallel ATA (PATA). It is a standard interface for IBM compatible hard drives and CD or DVD drives. IDE is different than SCSI and Enhanced Small Device Interface (ESDI) because its controllers are on each drive, meaning the drive can connect directly to the motherboard or controller. IDE and its updated successor, Enhanced IDE (EIDE), are common drive interfaces found in IBM compatible computers. Below is a picture of the IDE connector on the back of a hard drive, a picture of what an IDE cable looks like, and the IDE channels it connects to on the motherboard.

21. CD-ROM interview questions part 5:

41. What are the differences between single session and multi session discs?
42. What are bridge CD`s?
43. What is SIA in reference to CD-ROM drives?
44. What are multi beam CD-ROM drives?
45. What is the EIDE interface? Explain?
46. What is UDF?
47. What are CD bumps?
48. What is the purpose of the DAC in a CD-ROM drive?
49. What are CD encoding problems?
50. What is sub-code data in reference to CD-ROM?

22. CD-ROM interview questions part 4:

31. How much data can a CD hold?
32. Why CD-RW is used instead of CD-R?
33. What are the contents that are contained by CD sector?
34. Explain how does the head actuator mechanism works?
35. What is CLV?
36. What is CAV?
37. Explain zoned bit recording?
38. Explain the working of the loading mechanism of CD-ROM drives?
39. What is the logic board in CD-ROM drive?
40. What are the various ports available on the back panel of a CD-ROM drive?

23. CD-ROM interview questions part 3:

21. What is the white book in reference to CD-ROM drive?
22. What is DDCD, how is it different from a DDCD?
23. What is the CD-ROM exclusive access mode?
24. What is CIRC?
25. How many bytes does a CD-ROM sector contain?
26. What kind of laser is used in a CD-ROM drive?
27. What is the average data transfer speeds of CD-ROM drives?
28. Explain the CD-ROM drive optical head assembly?
29. What is CD-shattering?
30. What is a CD burner?

24. CD-ROM interview questions part 2:

11. What are the components of a CD-ROM drive?
12. What is the purpose of a 3 phase motor?
13. How does the tracking system work?
14. What is the purpose of buffers in CD-ROM drives?
15. What is the purpose of the emergency hole in a cd-rom drive?
16. How CD-ROM different from Blue ray disks?
17. How are cd-rom speeds measured?
18. What does speed 48x signify in reference to a CD-ROM?
19. What are the various formats of a CD?
20. What is the rainbow book?

25. CD-ROM interview questions part 1:

1. What type of a media is the CD-ROM classified as?
2. State the differences between magnetic and optical media?
3. What do you understand by the term CD mastering?
4. What material are CD`s made of?
5. What are the advantages of a CD?
6. Explain the various layers of a CD?
7. How is data stored on CD`s?
8. What kind of data can be stored on a CD?
9. How does the CD-ROM drive work?
10. How is a cd-rom drive connected to a computer?

26. What is the BIOS full form?

BIOS - Basic Input Output System,
Power On Self Test (POST) and Loading Bootloader from the Hard disk drive Boot Sector is being done by BIOS.
It initiates the system for operation

27. What is DHCP and how it works?

DHCP: Dynamic Host Control Protocol.

It is used to bound MAC Addresses of system. Specially for Wireless System.

29. How would I describe the CPU (central processing unit) component of a computer system.?

CPU is the unit in the computer system where the actual processing of the data takes place and also it controls the flow of the data.

30. What is the difference between the Physical drive and the Logical Drive. How do we Identify? How do to configure the logical drive?

A physical drive is drive tha you can physically see in the computer system itself. That is the gadget itself. Logic drive is inside the physical drive and this is the portion of the drive that stores data the user is using. To configure it you must update it on the BIOS.

31. Why do we call motherboard a motherboard?

Motherboard is known as motherboard because in the world all borned creature is directly attached to her mother & after it all the relations creats due to her mother so in the same manner all the i/o devices (hardware devices) directly attached to the motherboard & all devices know the motherboard first of all in our Computer system & after it any hardware device can communicate to other hardware device.

32. What is the Difference between Intel Core 2 duo and Dual Core and which one is better for processing?

Core2 duo is better processor because it has L2-cahe which is inside the cpu & can handle multiple programs without slowing down the system & in dual core L1-cache is attached with the cpu which is not inside the cpu & has slower than core2duo.

33. What is the full form of http?

Hyper text transfer protocol.

34. What is the window XP repair console command?

Following eight commands to repair Window XP by console command.

C: CD ..
C: ATTRIB -H C:root.ini
C:ATTRIB -S C:root.ini
C:ATRIB -R C:root.ini
C: del boot.ini
C: BOOTCFG /Rebuild
C: CHKDSK /R /F
C: FIXBOOT