1. Why active directory not asking for os setup(server). when we install the active directory?
Active directory is a centralized data base, group of servers, computer, user are common NTDS base this used in organization. Or company.
This not for OS level, its microsoft based its like installed tool server manager ADDS and Mondaory for DNS.
2. What is the use of ping command?
by using the ping command we can know wether our network is dead or alive..........
Patch management is an area of systems management that involves acquiring, testing, and installing multiple patches (code changes) to an administered computer system. Patch management tasks include: maintaining current knowledge of available patches, deciding what patches are appropriate for particular systems, ensuring that patches are installed properly, testing systems after installation, and documenting all associated procedures, such as specific configurations required. A number of products are available to automate patch management tasks, including Ringmaster's Automated Patch Management, Patch Link Update, and Gibraltar's Ever guard
4. What is difference between TCP/IP and UDP?
TCP - Transfer Control Protocol.
* a. Reliable
* b.Connection oriented.
* c.Acknowledgement
UDP - User Datagram Protocol.
* a.Non Reliable
* b.Connectionless
* c.No Acknowledgement
5. What is NVT (Network Virtual Terminal)?
It is a set of rules defining a very simple virtual terminal interaction. The NVT is used in the start of a Telnet session.
6. What is RIP (Routing Information Protocol)?
It is a simple protocol used to exchange information between the routers.
7. What is SLIP (Serial Line Interface Protocol)?
It is a very simple protocol used for transmission of IP datagrams across a serial line.
It is an authentication service developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Kerberos uses encryption to prevent intruders from discovering passwords and gaining unauthorized access to files.
9. What is IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol)?
It is any routing protocol used within an autonomous system.
10. What is EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol)?
It is the protocol the routers in neighboring autonomous systems. It is used to identify the set of networks that can be reached within or via each autonomous system.
11. What are NETBIOS and NETBEUI?
NETBIOS is a programming interface that allows I/O requests to be sent to and received from a remote computer and it hides the networking hardware from applications. NETBEUI is NetBIOS extended user interface. A transport protocol designed by Microsoft and IBM is for the use on small subnets.
Packet filter is a standard router equipped with some extra functionality. The extra functionality allows every incoming or outgoing packet to be inspected. Packets meeting some criterion are forwarded normally. Those that fail the test are dropped.
Redirector is software that intercepts file or prints I/O requests and translates them into network requests. This comes under presentation layer.
GSM is a short-range wireless technology and is usually used in the mobile phones, hand help devices, MP3 players, Laptops, computers and in cars.
Frame relay is high-speed data communication technology that operates at the physical and data link layers of the OSI model. Frame relay uses frames for data transmission in a network.
RAS or remote access server allows you to remote dial in through the desktop computers, laptops, and GSM mobile phones.
17. Define Bluetooth Technology
Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology that uses radio waves for communication. Many mobile phones, laptops, MP3 players have built in features of the Bluetooth.
VOIP or voice over internet protocol is a technology that uses IP based networks such as internet or private networks to transmit the voice communication.
19. What is Virtual Private Network (VPN) and how does it work?
VPN or virtual private network is used to connect two networks by means internet. VPN uses PPTP (point-to-point tunneling protocol) and other security procedures to make a secure tunnel on internet.
UDP or user datagram protocol is a connectionless protocol that is used to transfer the data without any error handling.
21. What are the standard port numbers for SMTP, POP3, IMAP4, RPC, LDAP, and FTP?
SMTP - 25, POP3 - 110, IMAP4 - 143, RPC - 135, LDAP, FTP-21, HTTP-80
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol is used to access the directory services from the Active directory in Windows operation systems.
23. Name the Seven Layers of OSI Model
The seven layers of the OSI are Application, Presentation, Sessions, Transport, Network, Data Link, and Physical layer.
WiFi is a next form of the WiFi. WiMax is a high-speed broadband network technology that is designed for the corporate offices, roaming and home users.
WiFi or wireless fidelity is a base-band network technology that is used for the wireless data communication.
An IP address is a unique identifier of a computer or network device on the local area network, WAN or on internet. Every host computer on the internet must have a unique IP address. IP addresses on the internet are usually assigned by the local ISPs to which users are connected.
A subnet mask is used to determine the number of networks and the number of host computers. Every class of the IP address uses the different range of the subnet mask. Subnet masks allow the IP based networks to be divided into the sub networks for performance and security purposes.
WLAN or Wireless local area network is simply a type of network that does not use wired Ethernet connections for networking. WLAN uses wireless network devices such as wireless routers etc.
A gateway is software or a hardware that is used to connect the local area network with the internet. A gateway is a network entrance point and a router usually works as a gateway.
Dynamic host configuration protocol is used to assign the IP address to the networked computers and devices. DHCP is a network protocol that automatically assigns static and dynamic IP addresses from its own range.
Domain name system/server is used to translate the IP address into the hostname and hostname into the IP address. DNS is mostly used on the internet and the networks.
32. What is the difference between the communication and transmission?
Transmission is a physical movement of information and concern issues like bit polarity, synchronization, clock etc. Communication means the meaning full exchange of information between two communication media.
33. Explain point-to-point protocol
A communications protocol used to connect computers to remote networking services including Internet service providers.
34. Explain difference between base band and broadband transmission
In a base band transmission, the entire bandwidth of the cable is consumed by a single signal. In broadband transmission, signals are sent on multiple frequencies, allowing multiple signals to be sent simultaneously.
35. Explain Protocol Data Unit
The data unit in the LLC level is called the protocol data unit (PDU). The PDU contains of four fields a destination service access point (DSAP), a source service access point (SSAP), a control field and an information field. DSAP, SSAP are addresses used by the LLC to identify the protocol stacks on the receiving and sending machines that are generating and using the data. The control field specifies whether the PDU frame is an information frame (I - frame) or a supervisory frame (S - frame) or anunnumbered frame (U - frame).
