1. Tell me is it possible to use Selenium for multi-user Load Testing?
Yes, but it requires a LOT of hardware. We recommend you check out
BrowserMob, which does load testing with real browsers and is powered by
Selenium.
Selenium performs actions in the background on the browser. It modifies
the DOM structure of the HTML page in order to perform actions on the
page. To be more precise it executes JavaScript on UI objects within the
webpage to perform actions like click, type, select etc. This is the
reason why you can execute tests with the browser minimized.
QTP claims to perform end user simulation, in other words executing QTP
scripts are equivalent to a person performing those steps manually on
the application.
3. Explain how to configure Selenium RC with eclipse to run Junit Tests?
1) Download eclipse. click here to download the software
2) Open eclipse -> Workspace Launcher window will open
3) Create a workspace by giving meaningful name
3) Click on Workbench
4) Create a project of type java
5) Create a package under src folder of the package
6) Add Junit to the build path
7) Add selenium rc java client driver to the build path
8) Now drag and drop your test script (.which is exported from Selenium
IDE) to the package created.
4. Explain what is the difference between Thread.Sleep() and Selenium.setSpeed()?
Selenium.setSpeed:
1. takes a single argument in string format
ex: selenium.setSpeed("2000") - will wait for 2 seconds
2. Runs each command in after setSpeed delay by the number of
milliseconds mentioned in setSpeed.
Thread.sleep:
1. takes a single argument in integer format
ex: thread.sleep(2000) - will wait for 2 seconds
2. Waits for only once at the command given at sleep.
5. Tell me what are the basic annotations used to run TestNG tests in Selenium?
The basic annotations used to run TestNG tests in Selenium RC:
1. @BeforeClass: The annotated method with @BeforeClass will be run
before the first test method in the current class is invoked.
2. @AfterClass: The annotated method with @AfterClass will be run after
all the test methods in the current class have been run.
3. @BeforeMethod: The annotated method with @BeforeMethod will be run
before each test method.
4. @AfterMethod: The annotated method with @AfterMethod will be run
after each test method.
5. @Test: Marks a class or a method @Test with as part of the test.
6. Explain does Selenium support mobile internet testing?
Selenium supports Opera and opera is used in most of the Smart phones.
So whichever Smart phone supports opera, selenium can be used to test.
So, one can use Selenium RC to run the tests on mobiles.
7. Tell me what is the architecture of Selenium RC?
The Selenium Server launches and kills browsers and acts as an HTTP
proxy for browser requests.
Client libraries for various programming languages, each of which
instructs the Selenium Server in how to test the AUT by passing it your
test script's Selenium commands.
The client libraries communicate with the Server passing each Selenium
command for execution. Then the server passes the Selenium command to
the browser using Selenium-Core JavaScript commands. The browser, using
its JavaScript interpreter, executes the Selenium command, which
effectively, runs the check you specified in your Selenese test script.
8. Explain how many testing frameworks can QA Tester use in Selenium RC?
Testing frameworks aren't required, but they can be helpful if QA Tester
wants to automate test cases. Selenium RC supports Bromine, JUnit,
NUnit, RSpec (Ruby), Test::Unit (Ruby), TestNG (Java), unittest (Python).
9. Do you know why Selenium RC is used?
We use Selenium RC for:
Selenium-IDE does not directly support:
1. Condition statements.
2. Iteration.
3. Logging and reporting of test results.
4. Error handling, particularly unexpected errors.
5. Database testing.
6. Test case grouping.
7. Re-execution of failed tests.
8. Test case dependency.
9. Capture screen shots on test failures.
The reason behind why Selenium-IDE does not support the above mentioned
requirements is IDE supports only HTML language. Using HTML language we
cannot achieve the above mentioned requirements. Because HTML does not
support conditional, looping and external source connectives.
To overcome the above mentioned problems Selenium RC is used.
Five prefixes that Selenium pattern argument are:
glob, regexp, exact, regexpi.
StoreEval(script, variable) and storeExpression(expression, variableName).
12. Tell me what is the difference between an assert and a verify with Selenium
commands?
Assert: Will fail and abort the current test execution.
Verify: Will fail and continue to run the test execution.
13. what are the Operating Systems supported by Selenium?
Operating Systems supported by Selenium are:
Selenium IDE
Works in Firefox 2+ Start browser, run tests Run tests
Operating Systems Supported:
1. Windows,
2. OS X
3. Linux
4. Solaris
5. Others whichever supports Firefox 2+
Selenium Remote Control
Used for starting browser and run tests
Operating Systems Supported:
1. Windows,
2. OS X
3. Linux
4. Solaris
5. Others
Selenium Core
Used for running tests
Operating Systems Supported:
1. Windows,
2. OS X
3. Linux
4. Solaris
5. Others
14. Tell me which are the browsers supported by Selenium RC?
Browsers supported by Selenium RC are:
1. firefox
2. mock
3. firefoxproxy
4. pifirefox
5. chrome
6. iexploreproxy
7. explore
8. firefox3
9. safariproxy
10. googlechrome
11. konqueror
12. firefox2
13. safari
14. piiexplore
15. firefoxchrome
16. opera
17. iehta
18. custom
15. What are the capabilities of Selenium WebDriver or Google WebDriver
or Selenium 2.0?
Capabilities of Selenium WebDriver or Google WebDriver or Selenium 2.0 are:
One should use WebDriver when requiring improved support for
1. Mult-browser testing including improved functionality for browsers
not well-supported by Selenium-1.0.
2. Handling multiple frames, multiple browser windows, pop-ups, and alerts.
3. Page navigation.
4. Drag-and-drop.
5. AJAX-based UI elements.
16. Which is the command used for displaying the values of a variable
into the output console or log?
The command used for displaying the values of a variable into the output
console or log–echo
If you want to display a constant string. The below mentioned command
can be used
echo <constant string>
ex: echo “The sample message”
If you want to display the value of a variable it can be written like below
echo ${<variable name>>
ex: echo ${var1}
17. What are the limitations of Selenium IDE?
The limitations of Selenium IDE are:
1) Selenium IDE uses only HTML language
2) Conditional or branching statements execution like using of if, select statements is not possible
3) Looping statements using is not possible directly in Selenium HTML language in ide
4) Reading from external files like .txt, .xls is not possible
5) Reading from the external databases is not possible with ide
6) Exceptional handling is not there
7) A neat formatted Reporting is not possible with ide
To eliminate the above issues we use Selenium RC
18. How do you set user extensions in Selenium IDE?
1. Open user-extensions.js with an editor (Notepad, etc.); it's found in the seleniumcorescripts folder. If it doesn't exist, just create it.
2. If you need to, commit the user-extensions.js file (like if you use subversion).
3. Open Selenium IDE and choose the Options menu and then Options... from that menu.
4. Make sure the path to your user-extensions.js file is entered in the Selenium Core extensions field (like seleniumcorescriptsuser-extensions.js)
5. Press OK button on options
6. Restart the IDE to reflect your extensions.
Note: After reopen, Selenium IDE may show compilations errors if the user-extensions.js file has any syntax errors.
19. What is the difference between captureEntirePageScreenshot and CaptureScreenShot?
captureEntirePageScreenshot
1. This captures the AUT web page only
2. This supports only mozilla firefox
3. Accepts two arguments. one is the file name to be saved and other argument is back ground color
CaptureScreenShot
1. This captures the System screen shot
2. This supports all the browsers when you run from Selenium RC
3. Accepts one argument. That is the file name to be saved.
20. Which are the commands used for capturing the bitmaps?
captureEntirePageScreenshot
Saves the entire contents of the current window canvas to a PNG file. Contrast this with the captureScreenshot command, which captureS the contents of the OS viewport (i.e. whatever is currently being displayed on the monitor), and isimplemented in the RC only. Currently this only works in Firefox when running in chrome mode, and in IE non-HTA using the EXPERIMENTAL "Snapsie" utility. The Firefox implementation is mostly borrowed from the Screengrab! Firefox extension. Please see captureEntirePageScreenshot for more details
captureEntirePageScreenshotAndWait
Saves the entire contents of the current window canvas to a PNG file. Contrast this with the captureScreenshot command, which captures the contents of the OS viewport (i.e. whatever is currently being displayed on the monitor), and is implemented in the RC only. Currently this only works in Firefox when running in chrome mode, and in IE non-HTA using the EXPERIMENTAL "Snapsie" utility. The Firefox implementation is mostly borrowed from the Screengrab! Firefox extension. Please see
captureEntirePageScreenshotAndWait for details.
Note: This command runs with only mozilla firefox when you run the tests from RC. Other browsers it will not support
21. How to capture bitmaps in Selenium?
Bitmaps are captured using the Selenium set of commands. There are two modes of capturing the bitmaps
1) Capture the bitmap for the entire page - it captures the browser main page area of AUT
2) Capture the bitmap for the screen shots - it captures the entire screen shot like the print scree that you give from your keyboard
Selenium doesn't support bitmap capturing for an element on AUT.
22. When to use Accessors in Selenium?
Accessors are mostly used for storing the value in a variable.
The variable can be used for following reasons:
1) To get the value from an element and comparing with some dynamic value
2) To take a logical decision to execute the test steps
ex: if the value of the variable true execute step1 and step2 else step3 and step4
3) To execute some statements in a loop based on the value returned by the element
23. What is an Accessor in Selenium?
Accessor is one of the type of Selenese.
I. Accessors are used for storing the value of a target in a variable.
Ex:
1) storeTitle - Stores the title of a window in a variable
2) storeText - Stores the target element text in a variable
II. Accessors are also used for evaluating the result and storing the result in a variable
Ex: storeTextPresent - Evaluates whether the text is Present in the current window. If the text is present storestrue in the variable else stores false
Ex: storeEementPresent - Evaluates whether the element is present in the current window. If the element is present stores true in the variable else stores false
24. When to use Assert, Verify and WaitFor in Selenium?
1) assert - If the expected value is mandatory to continue with the next set of steps we will use Assert. As Assert aborts the test, if the expected value doesn't match. It is good to use for any mandatory checks.
2) verify - If the expected value is optional to continue with the next set of steps we will use Verify. As Verify continues executing with the next set of steps, if the expected value doesn't match. It is good to use for any optional checks.
3) waitFor - If your test needs to wait, if the expected value is not matching we use waitFor. We normally use waitFor for AJAX kind of controls loading within a page.
25. What are the types of Assertions there in Selenium?
Selenium Assertions can be used in 3 modes:
1) assert - When an “assert” fails, the test will be aborted. If you are executing test suite, the next state case will start
2) verify - When a “verify” fails, the test will continue execution, logging the failure.
3) waitFor - “waitFor” commands wait for some condition to become true (which can be useful for testing Ajax applications). They will succeed immediately if the condition is already true. However, they will fail and halt the test if the condition does not become true within the current timeout setting.
26. What is Assertion in Selenium?
Assertion is nothing but a check or verification point.
Assertion verifies the state of the application conforms to what is expected.
Examples include “make sure the page title is X” and “verify that this checkbox is checked.
27. How do you add check points or verification points in Selenium?
check points or verification points are known as Assertions in Selenium. The keywords with below mentioned prefix will be used for adding check points or verification points.
1. verify
2. assert
3. waitFor
Selenium set of commands which are used for running the test are called as Selenese.
There are three types of Selenese, those are:
1. Actions - used for performing the operations and interactions with the target elements
2. Assertions - used as check points
3. Accessors - used for storing the values in a variable
29. What are the regular expression patterns available in Selenium?
Selenium regular expression patterns offer the same wide array of special characters that exist in JavaScript. Below are a subset of those special characters
.
any single character
[ ]
character class: any single character that appears inside the brackets
*
quantifier: 0 or more of the preceding character (or group)
+
quantifier: 1 or more of the preceding character (or group)
?
quantifier: 0 or 1 of the preceding character (or group)
{1,5}
quantifier: 1 through 5 of the preceding character (or group)
|
alternation: the character/group on the left or the
character/group on the right
( )
grouping: often used with alternation and/or quantifier
30. How to use regular expressions in Selenium?
Regular expressions in Selenium IDE can be used with the keyword - regexp: as a prefix to the value and patterns needs to be included for the expected values.
For example if you want to use the regular expression for a command
Command: verifyText
Target: //font/font/b/font[1]
Value: Flight Confirmation # 2011-05-02451
in the above example Flight Confirmation is continuously changing each time you run the test case. So this can be writtenwith a regular expression as mentioned below
Command: verifyText
Target: //font/font/b/font[1]
Value: regexp:Flight Confirmation # [0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{5,10}
31. What are the types of text patterns available in Selenium?
There are three types of patterns available in Selenium
1. globbing
2. regular expressions
3. exact
32. Does Selenium support Google Android Operating System?
Yes, Selenium Web Driver or Google Web Driver or Selenium 2.0 supports Android Operating System. There are several libraries written to support Android Operating System.
33. Does Selenium support mobile internet testing?
Selenium supports Opera. And opera is used in most of the Smart phones. So whichever Smart phone supports opera, selenium can be used to test. So, one can use Selenium RC to run the tests on mobiles.
34. What is the architecture of Selenium Grid?
Selenium Grid builds on the traditional Selenium setup, taking advantage of the following properties:
* The Selenium test, the application under test, and the remote control/browser pair do not have to be co-located. They communicate through HTTP, so they can all live on different machines.
* The Selenium tests and the web application under test are obviously specific to a particular project. Nevertheless, neither the Selenium remote control nor the browser is tied to a specific application. As a matter of fact, they provide a capacity that can easily be shared by multiple applications and multiple projects.
Consequently, if only we could build a distributed grid of Selenium Remote Controls, we could easily share it across builds, applications, projects - even potentially across organizations. Of course we would also need to address the scalability issues as described earlier when covering the traditional Selenium setup. This is why we need a component in charge of:
* Allocating a Selenium Remote Control to a specific test (transparently)
* Limiting the number of concurrent test runs on each Remote Control
* Shielding the tests from the actual grid infrastructure
Selenium Grid calls this component the Selenium Hub.
* The Hub exposes an external interface that is exactly the same as the one of a traditional Remote Control. This means that a test suite can transparently target a regular Remote Control or a Selenium Hub with no code change. It just needs to target a different IP address. This is important as it shields the tests from the grid infrastructure (which you can scale transparently). This also makes the developer's life easier. The same test can be run locally on a developer machine, or run on a heavy duty distributed grid as part of a build – without ever changing a line of code.
* The Hub allocates Selenium Remote Controls to each test. The Hub is also in charge of routing the Selenese requestsfrom the tests to the appropriate Remote Control as well as keeping track of testing sessions.
* When a new test starts, the Hub puts its first request on hold if there is no available Remote Control in the grid providing the appropriate capabilities. As soon as a suitable Remote Control becomes available, the Hub will serve the request. For the whole time, the tests do not have to be aware of what is happening within the grid; it is just waiting for an HTTP response to come back.
35. What is the architecture of Selenium RC?
The Selenium Server which launches and kills browsers, and acts as an HTTP proxy for browser requests.
Client libraries for various programming languages, each of which instructs the Selenium Server in how to test the AUT bypassing it your test script's Selenium commands.
The diagram shows the client libraries communicate with the Server passing each Selenium command for execution. Then the server passes the Selenium command to the browser using Selenium-Core JavaScript commands. The browser, using its JavaScript interpreter, executes the Selenium command, which effectively, runs the check you specified in your Selenese test script.
