1. Explain what are input variables?
Input variables or signal factors are those that can be set at the desired levels by the experimenter.
That is, these variables can be controlled during the experiment and at the design stage and or in the actual production stage.
Experimental runs under identical conditions should be replicated a suffi-cient number of times to obtain accurate estimates of experimental errors and the effects of the input variables on the response variables
3. Do you know what is the expansion for ASQC
American Society for Quality Control
4. How many parameters are there in BETA Distribution?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
BETA Distribution has four parameters: a and b, which are, respectively, the minimum and maximum values that a beta random variable can assume, and g and h, which are the shape parameters.
The beta distribution is a more flexible probability density function compared to the normal distribution because it can accommodate different ranges (not always from α to + α , as in the normal distribution) and different shapes from left skew
6. Explain what are the basic forms of variation?
The Basic forms of variation are Assignable variations and Coomon Variations
7. Explain who is the Customer of a Process?
In Process Improvement, we define the customer as the next person in line whoever receives the output or value of the product or service.
8. Do you know what is a Process?
It process the output to the customer service by the agent regarding the product or output of the severices.
9. Tell me is there any difference in performance of Quality Center over Test Director?
Quality Center has the same functions as test-director it is the difference of the Lay-out or appearence can also be called as cosmetic difference
T.D:- Test cases to be written on word/excel
Q.C :- directly write test cases
Quality Center is the updated version of a Test Director, with more speed.There is not much of a difference between test-director and quality center
10. Please differentiate between product quality and process quality?
product quality means we concentrate always final quality but in case of process quality we set the process parameter
11. Explain what are the roles of Quality Assurance?
QA people roles will be do the auditing to make sure that in testing, everything has happened as expected (proper documents created, have been they tracked in exact time, are all the documents stored in share path?....etc) so that they are making sure about the process which delivers the quality products.
12. Explain what are the three measures in common use in Quality?
The Three Measures of Common use in Quality Control is Mean, Median and Mode
The three commonly used measures in quality control are Mean (also called as Average), Median (is the value that divides a series of ordered observations so that the number of items above it equals to the number below it) and Mode (is the value that occurs with the highest frequency).
13. Tell me what is BLACKOUT PHASE in software development life cycle model?
The maintenance phase is considered to be the blackout phase. Maintenance is the last stage of the software development life cycle. After the product has been released, the maintenance phase keeps the software up to date with environment changes and changing user requirements. It is called the blackout phase because the system is not accessible and is said to "black out" during maintenance.
14. how to do Quality Controlling in Garments, cosmetics & perfumes?
Here's a simplified response:
1) Begin by learning about the products and services; gain domain knowledge
2) Understand workflow and processes throughout the product life cycles
3) Determine where defects are caused in these workflows and processes
4) Establish checkpoints at these junctures
5) Establish reliable methods of defect detection
6) Establish quality standards and targets for quality improvement
7) Tie Quality Control effort to organization's cost and profitability
8) Report findings
15. Tell me what does LSL mean in Control charts?
Lower specification limit (LSL)
Also known as the lower control limit (LCL).
A) Meaning 99.999997% perfect; only 3.4 defects in a million.
17. Explain what does phase I and phase II mean?
The answer to this question depends on its context. If you are referring to the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC), then the answer still depends on the model you are referring to. The number and nature of phases varies greatly between software development models. Generally, the phases of software development are:
Phase 1: Planning (a.k.a. the Requirements Phase)
Phase 2: Design
Phase 3: Implementation
Phase 4: Verification
Phase 5: Maintenance
18. Tell me what are all the different metrics that can be captured in Software Testing?
different type of metrics captured
Defect Density- no of defects par KLOC
Defect Severity distribution- which measured in term of defect severity
Defect Removal Effectiveness- total number of defects prior to delivery
Review Effectiveness
19. Explain what is a Range in the Control Chart?
Accepted practice uses a width of three standard deviations around the population mean ( 3) to establish the control limits for control chart.Anything that falls between the range of ( 3) is teh common cause of variation & anything that falls out of the range of ( 3) is special cause of variation
20. Tell me what is Defect Rejection Ratio (DRR) and Defect Leackage Ratio (DLR)?
DRR = # of Defects Rejected/Tester to assess the tester performance
DRR = # of Defects Rejected/module to assess the module complexity
DRR = # of Defects Rejected/Team/Project to assess the team performance.
and
DLR = # of Defects uncovered/Tester
DLR = # of Defects uncovered/Module
DLR = # of Defects uncovered/Project
( Uncovered- Defects missed out by the testing team)
What is the cost the business would have to incur if a big error was missed if these steps were not followed properly? Damages in terms of money (cost of litigation, regulatore claims, cost of fixing those bugs) and to the brand name of the company (open to discussion).
For me, that is the cost of Quality
22. How to Assure Quality Control?
The answer to this question depends on what it is you are attempting to control. For example, it is much easier to assess and control quality in a manufacturing facility than it is to assure quality control in the software industry.
Quality Control in the software industry refers to the art and practice of testing. Any test effort that strives to identify and report defects in order to improve products and services is practicing Quality Control.
So how can we assure Quality Control? By establishing test processes that prove to deliver products and services that customers require at a level of quality that they demand. And who are these customers? Your company and clients, of course.
23. Explain what are p-charts?
the p-chart is a type of control chart used to monitor the proportion of nonconforming units in a sample, where the sample proportion nonconforming is defined as the ratio of the number of nonconforming units to the sample size
25. Tell me why do we use DOE?
The design of experiments may be used to help improve the capability of a process by identifying the process and product variables that affect the mean and the variance of the quality characteristic(s) of the product.
26. Explain when is a process said to be accurate?
If the average of all measurements falls relatively close to an understood point (on target), then the process is said to be accurate.
27. Tell me what is an USL in a Control Chart?
USL is Upper Specification limit. This is the the acceptable level and defined by Customer. beyond which the product is rejected.
28. Explain the difference between Quality Assurance, Quality Control and Audit Function?
Quality assurance is planed and systematic set of activities necessary to provide adequate confidence that products/services will confirm to the specified requirements. It is a staff function, Defect prevention based.
Quality control is the process in which product quality is compared with applicable standards and action will be taken when non conformance occurred. It is a line function, Defect design based.
29. Tell me what is the difference between quality assurance and quality control?
Quality Assurance :
- It is a Assurance activity,emphasizing on the standards and procedures to be followed while developing an application
- It is a Preventive action taken before hand to ensure the product that developed are defect free
- It is a systematic actions necessary to provide enough confidence that a product or service will satisfy the given requirements for quality.
Quality Control
- It is a Corrective action
- Inspection if the developed application follows the standards and procedures by using the checklists.
30. How RTM will be helpful for the QC team?
There is nothing called as a bad defect. If the defect is not valid( in terms if it is the actual requirement) then it is considered as invalid and not a bad defect.
31. What is bad defect? why do we write bad defects?
Secondly when we go for the execution phase, and when the tester logs a defect it will first be reviewed or a triage meeting we be done to validate if the defect is valid or not.
32. How many types of reviews that we have in our testing?
Generally after the tester writes the Test cases it is reviewed by the peer and then by the lead, sometimes we may also have a review by having walkthrough with the Architect and Business Analyst.
33. Explain what are the elements of a QC plan?
The answer to this question depends on industry, company and/or project. In our software company, the closest thing to a Quality Control plan are our Test Standards and Test Plans.
The elements of our Test Plans are:
1) Introduction
- Purpose
- Product description
- System architecture
2) Scope
- Test coverage
- Features to be tested (in scope)
- Features not to be tested (out of scope)
- Compatibility matrix
3) Test strategy
- Test objectives
- Test approach
- Test environment
- System dependencies
- Test tools
- Assumptions
- Risks
4) Process
- Test process and guidelines
- Priority and Severity defined
- Pass/fail criteria
- Test entry/exit criteria
- Test resources
- Deliverables required for testing
- Roles and responsibilities
- Approvals and sign off
34. Explain what is the differences between I.S.O and C.M.M levels?
The CMM is a way to communicate capabilities.
The ISO is a way to communicate the process.
35. How to track bug and report through Quality Control dept?
according to me i track bug by defect tracking tool and i report it through defect life cycle. i i was wrong please correct me
