1. List the main areas of aviation?
Artificial intelligence
* Aircrafts and parts
* Advanced materials, composites and specialty metals
* Computers, electronic components, and systems
* Fighters and attack aircraft
* Government defense policies and goals
* Lasers
* Navigation controls and guidance systems
* Ordinance and Military vehicles
* Computers, electronic components, and systems
* Aviation electronic/Avionics
* Robotics
* Satellites
* Search and detection equipments
* Strategic defensive initiative
* Sensors and instrumentation
* Ships
* Space vehicles and commercialization of space
People working on these areas as an aerospace engineer should have familiarity and exposure to NASTRAN and MAT LAB with knowledge on space environment and modeling of flexible dynamics. These aerospace engineers will be responsible to conduct stress analysis on metallic and composite structures. NASTRAN, IDEAD, Oracle, and PATRAN proficiency level is required. Their duties also include on aircraft, which are metallic and composite structures. This includes and understanding of control surface stiffness and loop calculations, finite element modeling (FEM), fatigue testing requirement and analysis.
3. What is the main source of power in aircraft?
The main source of power is the hydraulic motor that is provided by the scheduled service and involves operations that allow technicians to solve complex system problems. This setup required certifying the technician to operate all the system the same way as it is been done with one system. The hydraulic motor needs to be operated the same way and maintained in a proper way. The alignment need to in synchronization with the aircraft auxiliary power unity (APU) before anything is done with the aircraft positioning. A standard need to, be followed to maintain the aircrafts and its parts equipped and working.
4. Explain the objectives of aerodynamics?
Aerodynamics deals with the theory of flow of air and it has many practical applications in engineering. There are some objectives that are being used in aerodynamics and these are as follows:
► It is used to predict the forces, moments and heat transfer from the bodies that is moving through the liquid.
► It deals with the movement of wings or use of the wind force. This way it requires the calculations to be done for the aerodynamic heating of the flight vehicles and the hydrodynamic forces applied on the surface of the vehicle.
► It is used to determine the flows that are moving internally through ducts. This way it makes the calculations and measurement of the flow properties that is inside the rocket and jet engines.
5. What sources are involved in aerodynamics?
There are two sources that are involved in the case of aerodynamics forces and moments that are on the body. These forces are as follows:
► Pressure distribution:
This is the distribution that is over the body surface
► Shear stress distribution:
This is the distribution that is over the body surface
These sources are for the body shapes and it doesn't matter how complex they are. The mechanism that is being used to communicate with the bodies that is moving through a fluid. Both the pressure (p) and shear stress (?) having the dimension force per unit area. This helps the movement of the body through the fluid.
6. Which characteristics that keep solid and fluid different?
► When the force is applied tangentially on solid then it experiences a finite deformation and shear stress that is proportional to the deformation. Whereas, when the same shear stress is applied on the surface of fluid then it experiences continuous increasing deformation where, the shear stress is proportional to the rate of change of deformation.
► The fluid dynamic is dividend in three different areas. They are as follows: Hydrodynamics (flow of liquids), Gas dynamics (flow of gases) and Aerodynamics (flow of air). Whereas, the state of, solid doesn't represent any of the stages.
7. Which criteria need to be followed for an aircraft to be longitudinal statically stable?
The criteria that are required for an aircraft to be longitudinal statically stable, is:
► To have a nose-down pitching disturbance that is used to produce the aerodynamics forces to give a nose-up restoring moment.
► This restoring moment that is produced should be large enough to return the aircraft to its original position after the disturbance.
► The requirements are met by using the tail-plain that is horizontal stabilizer used to provide the stability to the aircraft.
8. Explain the functions performed by rudder?
The rudder is involved in providing the movement to the ports that gives a lift force to starboard. This will allow the aircraft to turn and uses the ailerons effectively to bank the aircraft by minimum use of rudder. The functions performed by rudder are as follows:
► It is used with different applications that are involved in taking off and landing to keep aircraft straight.
► Providing assistance that is, limited only for the aircraft to turn correctly.
► Used in applications during spin to reduce the roll rate of the aircraft and there are some applications that provides low speeds and high angles to allow the raising of the wings.
There are various steps required to solve the problems of aircraft flying high and at very large speed are as follows:
► Build stiff wings that allow and provide the resistance to torsional diversion beyond the maximum speed of the aircraft.
► Use two sets of ailerons and one outboard pair that can be operated at low speeds.
► Use of one inboard pair that can be used to operate on high speeds, this will have less twisting impact when the ailerons are positioned outboard.
► Use spoilers that can be positioned independently or can be paired with ailerons. These reduce the lift on the down going wing by interrupting the airflow over the top surface.
10. Which mechanical properties required to know before performing maintenance?
The mechanical properties provide the definition of the behavior of the material that is being put under the action of external forces. This is an important aspect to aeronautical engineering that is also used to gain knowledge for applications developed for aircrafts. This provides an overall view of the structure of the aircraft and the maintenance aspect of it. The properties used are as follows:
► Strength,
► Stiffness,
► Specific strength and stiffness,
► Ductility,
► Toughness,
► Malleability and elasticity.
