Based on the passage, the mutation in the DNA in affected males from Family 2 most likely results in:

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1. the replacement of a single amino acid in Protein R.
2. the replacement of a single amino acid in Protein P.
3. the introduction of a premature stop codon in Protein R.
4. the introduction of a premature stop codon in Hormone X.

Answer: B

Explanation: According to statement 5, Protein P from affected males from Family 2 could not be phosphorylated.This means that the genetic defect in Family 2 must be in the gene that codes for Protein P.Therefore, the correct answer choice is B, that the alteration of one amino acid in Protein P is the likely result of the mutation in the DNA of affected males.
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