1. What are the favorable conditions for formation of cat ions?
► Low Ionisational potential
► Lesser Charge
► More atomic size of atoms forms cations easily
► Ions having Inert gases configuration formed easily
2. What is electrophilic addition reaction?
When the attacking species during the addition reaction is Electrophile, it is called electrophilic addition reaction. Ex; (+) (-) (+) (-) (+) (-)
CH2Br-CH2BràH2C-CH2+BrBr-àH2C=CH2+Br2-
3. What is nucleophilic addition reaction?
When the attacking species during the addition reaction is Nucleophilic, it is nucleophilic addition reaction. Ex; Acetaldehyde cynohydrin
4. How do you define free radical addition reaction? Give an example.
When unsaturated compounds undergo addition reactions with free radicals,
it is called free radical addition reaction.
Ex; CH3-CH = CH2+HBr-----------> CH3-CH2-CH2Br
When atoms (or) group of atoms are added, to form more saturated compound it is called addition reaction.
6. Give the example for electrophilic substitution reaction.
The species, which accepts the electrons, are called Electrophilles (or) Electrophilic reagents.
When the atom (or) group of atoms present in the organic compound is replaced by another atom (or) group of atoms (electrophilic) is called electrophilic substitution reaction.
7. What are the favorable conditions for formation of Anions?
► High Electron affinity
► Small size
Less charge of an atoms form anion more easily
The energy released when one mole of ionic crystal is formed by the combination of the corresponding gaseous (+ve) and (-ve) ions brought from infinite distance is called lattice energy.
9. What happens if Lattice energy increases?
► The Strength of ionic bond
► Stability of the Ionic compound
► Ease of formation of the Ionic bond Increases
10. What is Sublimation energy?
The amount of energy required to convert one mole of solid substance to vapor state is called Sublimation energy
11. What can you calculate by selecting Born-Haber cycle?
Born-Haber cycle is useful for calculation of lattice energy, heat of reaction and electron affinity.
12. How can energy change in the formation of NACL be determined?
With the help of Born Haber's cycle
The relation between reaction taking place in one of the several stages and the total amount of energy liberated in the reaction is same.
The ratio between the radius of cation and the radius of anion is called Limiting radius.
15. What is Co-ordination number?
The number of appositively charged ions surrounded a particular ion in an ionic crystal lattice is called co- ordination number
16. What is structure of Nacl and give the co-ordination number of Nacl?
The structure of Nacl is face centered Cubic and Co- ordination number of Nacl is 6
17. What is the structure of cscl and give the co-ordination number of Cscl?
The structure of cscl is Body Centered Cubic and the Co- ordination number of CsCl is 8
18. Ionic compound does not show the property of space isomerism, Give the reason?
Ionic bond is Electrostatic. It is non directional, so Ionic compounds does not show the property of Space Isomerism
19. In double bond, how many sigma and Pi bonds are present in it?
Double bond = 1 Sigma bond and one Pi bond
20. Among sigma and Pi bonds which is the stronger one
Sigma bond is Stronger than pi bond
21. Define polar covalent bond
The covalent bond formed by the unequal sharing of electrons between the two atoms is called polar covalent bond.
In polar covalent molecule, one atom gets positive charge and the other one gets negative charge hence called dipole.
24. Which theory explains the paramagnetic nature of oxygen? Who proposed it?
Molecular orbital theory, proposed by Hunds and Mulliken
25. Define co-ordination covalent bond.
Co-ordination covalent bond is formed by the mutual sharing of pair of electrons between two atoms contributed by only one of the combining atoms.
