1. All Enterobacteriaceae share all of the following characteristics EXCEPT?
* A. Ferment glucose
* B. Reduce nitrates to nitrites
* C. Oxidase positive
* D. Gram negative
* E. Rod-shaped (bacilli)
Correct Answer: C
2. What is the O antigen of Enterobacteriaceae?
* A. Cell surface polysaccharide
* B. A channel controlling substance taken into the organism.
* C. A flagellar protein
* D. A peptidoglycan matrix important for cellular rigidity
* E. Cell wall lipopolysaccharide
Correct Answer: E
3. Which of the following statements about the 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine is not correct?
* A. It is a protein-conjugated, polysaccharide vaccine.
* B. It is poorly immunogenic in young children and immuno compromised hosts.
* C. It is routinely recommended for immune competent adults and children >2 yrs. of age at risk for serious pneumococcal disease.
* D. It protects against the major serotypes of pneumococci causing infection.
* E. An adult with asplenia would be a candidate for this vaccine.
Correct Answer: A
* A. They are important causes of toxic strep syndrome.
* B. They are frequent colonizers of the female genital tract.
* C. Screening for this pathogen during pregnancy has reduced the incidence of neonatal sepsis.
* D. These organisms are b-hemolytic.
* E. They are important causes of urinary tract infections and bacteremia in elderly and diabetic adults.
Correct Answer: A
* A. Sinusitis
* B. Acute rheumatic fever alone
* C. Acute glomerulonephritis alone
* D. Acute rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis
* E. Scarlet fever alone
Correct Answer: D
6. All of the following statements about the M-protein of Group A- Streptococci are correct EXCEPT?
* A. The amino terminal portion (distal portion) is variable, accounting for over 80 distinct serotypes.
* B. M proteins allow streptococci to resist phagocytosis.
* C. Antibodies to M protein confer type-specific immunity.
* D. M protein is the major virulence factor of Group A streptococci
* E. M protein is the major constituent of the capsule of Group A streptococci
Correct Answer: E
* A. Streptokinase
* B. Hyaluronidase
* C. M Protein
* D. Deoxyribonuclease C
* E. None of the above
Correct Answer: D
* A. Underlying diseases that appear to compromise host defenses, such as diabetes, lymphoma, etc
* B. Patients with a polymorphonuclear leukocyte count less than 1000/mm3
* C. Patients with polymorphonuclear leukocyte counts of 10,000 to 20,000
* D. Long term therapy with broad-spectrum antimicrobials.
Correct Answer:
* A. Shaking chills, spiking fevers
* B. Conjunctivitis
* C. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
* D. in elderly patients, decreased urine output or mental changes (confusion)
Correct Answer: B
* A. The Staphylococcal pilus gene is up-regulated by oxacillin
* B. Fragments of dead bone, called "involucrum" may act as a foreign body, and may have to be removed for optimal eradication of the staphylococcal infection.
* C. Staphylococci may be perceived by the patient's immune system as a positive factor, because the staphylococci produce an extracellular enzyme, obtundokinase, which makes the patient more alert.
* D. Staphylococci are such an integral part of our normal flora that they are treated as "self" rather than "non-self", and no immune reaction to them occurs.
Correct Answer: B
* A. Brucellosis
* B. Ulcero-glandular tularemia
* C. Pneumonic plague
* D. Relapsing fever
Correct Answer: B
12. Which of the following diseases are not transmitted by ticks?
* A. Ulceroglandular tularemia
* B. Bubonic plague
* C. Relapsing fever
* D. Lyme disease
Correct Answer: B
* A. Both are normal flora and contaminated the specimens sent to the lab
* B. The staph aureus is a pathogen and the coagulase negative staph is not
* C. The coagulase negative staphylococcus is a pathogen
* D. The coagulase negative staphylococcus is an opportunistic pathogen
Correct Answer: B
* A. Normal flora for both individuals
* B. A pathogen for both individuals
* C. An opportunistic pathogen for both individuals
* D. One with a low degree of virulence
Correct Answer: D
* A. Has asymptomatic infection
* B. Has opportunistic infection
* C. Is a carrier
* D. Is immunosuppressed
Correct Answer: C
16. Characteristics of a bacterial capsule include?
* A. All bacteria have one
* B. It is composed of peptidoglycan
* C. It is an important mechanism for protecting a bacteria against ingestion by PMNs
* D. It is what causes the gram stain reaction
Correct Answer: C
* A. The ability to stain gram positive: all will look gram negative
* B. The ability to move
* C. The ability to have a gram stain result
* D. The ability to attach to other cells
Correct Answer: C
* A. An ability to stay in one place for a very long time
* B. An ability to move in the direction opposite the flagellum
* C. An ability to avoid ingestion by PMNs
* D. An ability to induce a large antibody response
Correct Answer: B
* A. Patient with the piliated strain is ill, the other patient is not
* B. Patient with the piliated strain is not ill, the other patient is
* C. Both patients are ill since pili do not correlate with virulence
* D. Patient with the piliated strain is a child, the other patient is an adult
Correct Answer: A
20. Infections caused by anaerobes are?
* A. Usually confined to the abdomen
* B. Never seen in the lung because of its excellent blood supply
* C. Mixed
* D. Rapidly progressive
Correct Answer: C
* A. She has acute gastroenteritis and the organism is entering the blood from the inflamed bowel endothelial surface
* B. She has a bowel perforation and intraabdominal tissue destruction with impaired vascular flow
* C. She has gram negative sepsis and the Bacteroides is a contaminant
* D. She has pelvic inflammatory disease with gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted disease, and the Bacteroides is a contaminant
Correct Answer: B
* A. Often continuous to mucosal surfaces
* B. Associated with highly vascularized tissue
* C. Gram negative
* D. Most likely to occur in the lung with its high oxygen level
Correct Answer: A
23. Specific organisms that are considered strict anaerobes include?
* A. E. coli and Streptococcus pneumoniae
* B. Bacteroides and Klebsiella
* C. Fusobacterium and Clostridium
* D. Peptostreptococcus and Nocardia
Correct Answer: C
24. The single most important characteristic of diarrhea caused by Vibrio cholera is?
* A. Profound watery diarrhea
* B. Severe abdominal pain
* C. Massive bloody diarrhea
* D. Renal insufficiency
Correct Answer: A
* A. Staph aureus
* B. Viridans group streptococci
* C. Streptococcus pneumoniae
* D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Correct Answer: D