It is a state, in which the antigen cannot activate the cells.
2. What is an alveolar macrophage?
Macrophage, which is found in alveolus of the lung, is alveolar macrophage.
3. What is secreted immunoglobulin?
It is a form of antibody, which is secreted by cells of B lineage.
It is a developing T cell, which is present in the thymus.
5. What is the function CD4 antigen?
It acts as a co receptor for MHC class II restricted T cell activation; receptor for HIV.
Toxin produced by a microorganism, which is released into surrounding fluid, is called exotoxin.
7. What are immunoglobulin folds?
Immunoglobulin domains are folded into compact structures, which are called as immunoglobulin folds.
8. What are altered self-cells?
The cytotoxic T lymphocytes which kill foreign antigens complexes with MHC I molecules are called altered self-cells.
Mature B cell is called naïve B cell.
Proliferation of B cells in response to interaction with an antigen is called clonal selection.
11. What are endogenous antigens?
Antigens, which are produced within the host cell, are called endogenous antigens.
12. What is interferon induced antiviral state?
Interferon reacting with interferon receptors of a cell, after which the cell enters in a state called interferon, induced antiviral state.
13. How Interferon ß is produced?
It is produced by fibroblasts.
14. How Interferon a is produced?
It is produced by leukocytes or WBCs.
15. Name the major types of interferons?
1) Interferon a
2) Interferon ß
3) Interferon ?
16. What is immunopurification?
Purifying antigens present in small quantities as a mixture by interacting an antibody to an antigen.
17. What is the natural toxin found in the endosperm of castor?
The toxin found is Ricin.
18. How are the polyclonal antibodies produced?
They are produced by different plasma cell clones.
19. What are polyclonal antibodies?
Antibodies of different specificities, which react to the same antigen, are called polyclonal antibodies.
20. How monoclonal antibodies are produced?
Monoclonal antibodies are produced by hybridoma clones.
21. What is a monoclonal antibody?
It is an antibody produced from a single antibody-producing cell.
22. What is the self-antigen for autoimmune haemolytic anemia?
RBC membrane proteins
23. What is the self-antigen for insulin dependent diabetes mellitus?
Pancreatic beta cells
24. What is the self-antigen for myocardial infarction?
The self-antigen is Heart.
25. What is the self-antigen for scleroderma?
Heart, lungs, kidney, nuclei, gastro intestinal tract
26. What is the self-antigen for rheumatoid arthritis?
Connective tissue, IgG
27. What is the self-antigen for graves disease?
Thyroid stimulating receptor
28. What is the self-antigen for perinicious anemia?
Gastric perietal cells
29. What is the self-antigen for Addisons disease?
Adrenal cells
30. What is the self-antigen for good pastures syndrome?
Renal and lung basement membranes
It is nothing but grafting between different species.
It is nothing but grafting between genetically different individuals of the same species.
It is nothing but grafting between genetically identical individuals.
35. What is the target antigen for neuroectodermal tumors?
Glycolipids associated with neural tissues.
